Izikhungo eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe ziye zabikezela ukuthi kungenzeka isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu nesicekele phansi emhlabeni wonke ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula.

Unyaka wamanje oshisa kakhulu emlandweni bekungu-2015-2016, lapho umhlaba uhlangabezane ne-El Nino yezinyanga ezingu-21 ubude, ngokombiko okhishwe yi-World Meteorological Organization ngoMeyi.

Ekupheleni kukaJuni, iphephabhuku i-Nature labika ukuthi uma i-El Nino inzima, inamandla okucindezela amazinga okushisa omhlaba ukuthi aqophe noma acishe aqophe amazinga aphezulu ngo-2024.

Ngomhla zizi-4 kuJulayi, i-World Meteorological Organization yaphetha ngokuthi isenzakalo sokuqala sika-El Nino endaweni eshisayo yasePacific Ocean eminyakeni eyisikhombisa, futhi umhlaba wonke uzoba nesimo sezulu esibhubhisayo kanye nezimo zesimo sezulu cishe ziqinisekile.

Eminye imithi izodala umonakalo ekushiseni okuphezulu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamaphuzu amabili alandelayo:

Okokuqala, kuhlobene nesimo somuthi

Izibulala-zinambuzane ezingaphili kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ezingancibiliki emanzini, ezivuvukalayo, njenge-copper sulfate, i-sulfate powder, ingxube yesibabule yamatshe, esetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kulula kakhulu ukubangela ukulimala kwezidakamizwa ezitshalweni, ngoba ukuqina kwesakhiwo sokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kuzoshintsha ngemuva kwe izinga lokushisa elithile, okuholela ekulimaleni kwezidakamizwa.

Okwesibili, kuhlobene nokumelana nezitshalo

Ukumelana nezidakamizwa kwezitshalo zamaqabunga esikhumba ezifana ne-Buxus macrophylla kunamandla, futhi ukumelana nezidakamizwa kwezitshalo ezine-cuticle encane kubuthakathaka, futhi kulula ukukhiqiza ukulimala kwezidakamizwa lapho kusetshenziswa esimweni sezulu esishisayo.

1. Abamectin

I-Abamectin iyisibulala-zinambuzane esibulala izinambuzane, izibungu kanye nama-nematode, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukulawula izinambuzane ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo. Kungaba emiphumeleni engcono kakhulu lapho i-20 ℃, kodwa idinga ukunaka izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi 38 ℃ ngaphezu kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, okulula ukuholela ekulimaleni kwezidakamizwa, ukukhubazeka kwamaqabunga esitshalo, amabala, isenzakalo sokuyeka ukukhula. .

2.Pyraclostrobin

I-Pyraclostrobin iyisikhunta esibanzi, esinemiphumela yokwelapha neyokuvikela. Kuzoba nobungozi bokulimala kwezidakamizwa uma kusetshenziswa ukugxila okuphezulu.Kungenzeka ukuthi kubangele ukushiswa kwamaqabunga ezitshalo.

3.Nitenpyram

I-Nitenpyram isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula izinambuzane ezihlabayo futhi kulula ukubangela ukulimala kwezidakamizwa ekushiseni okuphezulu, ngakho-ke kufanele kugwenywe. Futhi kungcono ukufafaza emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-30 ° C angeke abangele ukushiswa kwamaqabunga nezinye izenzakalo.

4.Chlorfenapyr

I-Chlorfenapyr iyisibulala-zinambuzane esibanzi, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene nezinambuzane ezindala ze-lepidoptera (i-rapeseed, beet moth, njll.). I-Chlorfenapyr, izinga lokushisa elifanele mayelana nama-20-30 degrees, umphumela omuhle kakhulu. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Chlorfenapyr emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kungase kubangele ukushiswa kwamaqabunga; Amaqabunga amathenda ngaphezulu aphezulu nawo anomonakalo omkhulu wezidakamizwa.

5. Fluazinam

I-Fluazinam ingavimbela ukuvuvuka kwezimpande ezivelele kanye nesikhunta esimpunga, futhi ingavimbela izilokazane zemite, njengesicabucabu esibomvu esisawolintshi (esidala, iqanda), futhi umphumela wokulawula ungcono. I-Fluazinam izokwandisa amathuba okulimala komuthi uma isetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ngoba umsebenzi we-Fluazinam uphezulu kakhulu. Imithi yokushisa ephezulu ingasheshisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, okulingana nokwandisa ukugxila komuthi owuketshezi.

6.Propargite

I-Propargite ine-acaricide enobuthi ephansi, inokuthintana nobuthi besisu, kanye ne-osmotic conduction. Ingavimbela izinambuzane ngempumelelo ngaphezu kuka-20℃ kuyilapho isithelo sesitshalo silula kakhulu ukukhiqiza isifo sokushiswa yilanga ngaphezu kuka-25℃.

7.I-Diafenthiuron

I-Diafenthiuron iwuhlobo olusha lwesibulala-zinambuzane i-thiourea, i-acaricide, futhi inomphumela othile wokubulala amaqanda. Esikhathini sokushisa okuphezulu (ngaphezulu kuka-30℃) kanye nezimo zomswakama ophezulu, kuzokhiqiza umonakalo wezidakamizwa ekutshaleni izithombo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinga lokushisa elifanele lokusetshenziswa kwama-ejenti angenhla libhekisela kuphela, futhi izinga lokushisa elithile lidinga ukuhlukaniswa ngezitshalo, futhi izinga lokushisa elifanele lezinye izitshalo nalo lihlukile.

Kodwa i-2,4D, Glyphosate neChlorpyrifos ziwusizo kakhulu ehlobo.