Indlela yesenzo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-glyphosate

I-Glyphosate iwuhlobo lwe-organic phosphine herbicide ene-ebroad spectrum exterminating. I-Glyphosate ngokuyinhloko ithatha imiphumela ngokuvimbela i-biosynthesis ye-amino acid enamakha, okungukuthi i-biosynthesis ye-phenylalanine, i-tryptophan ne-tyrosine nge-shikimic acid pathway. Inomphumela ovimbelayo ku-5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase), engadala ukuguqulwa phakathi kwe-shikimate-3-phosphate ne-5-enolpyruvate phosphate ibe yi-5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP), ngakho-ke i-glyphosate iphazamisa ngale biosynthesis yokusabela kwe-enzymatic, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kwe-shikimic acid ku-vivo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-glyphosate ingakwazi futhi ukucindezela ezinye izinhlobo zama-enzyme ezitshalo kanye nomsebenzi we-enzyme yezilwane. I-metabolism ye-glyphosate ezitshalweni eziphakeme ihamba kancane kakhulu futhi ihlolwe ukuthi i-metabolite yayo i-aminomethylphosphonic acid ne-methyl amino acetic acid. Ngenxa yokusebenza okuphezulu okusebenzayo, ukuwohloka kancane, kanye nobuthi obuphezulu bezitshalo be-glyphosate emzimbeni wezitshalo, i-glyphosate ithathwa njengohlobo olufanele lokulawula ukhula olungapheli lwemithi yokubulala ukhula.I-Glyphosate isetshenziswe kabanzi ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zokungakhethi okuqinile. kanye nomphumela omuhle wokukhipha ukhula, ikakhulukazi ngendawo enkulu yokutshalwa kwezitshalo ze-glyphosate-tolerant transgenic, isiphenduke umuthi osetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ngokokuhlola kwe-PMRA, i-glyphosate ayinayo i-genotoxicity futhi mancane amathuba okuba ibangele ingozi yomdlavuza kubantu. Ayikho ingozi empilweni yomuntu elindelekile ngokuhlolwa kokuchayeka kokudla (ukudla namanzi) okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwe-glyphosate; Landela imiyalelo yelebula, futhi asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngohlobo lomsebenzi usebenzisa i-glyphosate noma ubungozi kubahlali. Abukho ubungozi emvelweni obulindelekile uma busetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nelebula ebuyekeziwe, kodwa isivimbeli sesifutho siyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi engaba khona yokufafaza ezinhlobonhlobo ezingahlosiwe (izimila, izilwane ezingenamgogodla zasemanzini kanye nezinhlanzi eziseduze nendawo efaka isicelo).

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke kwe-glyphosate kuzoba ngu-600,000 ~ 750,000 t ngo-2020, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kube yi-740,000 ~ 920,000 t ngo-2025, okubonisa ukwanda okusheshayo.