Habka waxqabadka iyo horumarinta glyphosate

Glyphosate waa nooc ka mid ah dhirta phosphine ee dabiiciga ah oo leh dabar-goynta spectrum fidsan. Glyphosate waxay inta badan saameyn ku yeelataa iyada oo xannibaysa biosynthesis ee amino acid udgoon, kuwaas oo ah biosynthesis ee phenylalanine, tryptophan iyo tyrosine iyada oo loo marayo waddada shikimic acid. Waxay leedahay saameyn xaddidan oo ku saabsan 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase), taas oo kicin karta beddelka u dhexeeya shikimate-3-phosphate iyo 5-enolpyruvate fosfate 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP), sidaas darteed glyphosate faragelin. oo leh biosynthesis ee falcelinta enzymatic, taasoo keentay shikimic acid ururinta vivo. Intaa waxaa dheer, glyphosate waxay sidoo kale xakameyn kartaa noocyada kale ee enzymes dhirta iyo hawlaha enzymes xayawaanka. Dheef-shiid kiimikaadka glyphosate ee dhirta sare waa mid aad u gaabis ah waxaana la tijaabiyay in dheef-shiid kiimikaadku yahay aminomethylphosphonic acid iyo methyl amino acetic acid. Sababtoo ah waxqabadka sare ee shaqada, hoos u dhaca tartiib tartiib ah, iyo sidoo kale sunta dhirta sare ee glyphosate ee jirka dhirta, glyphosate waxaa loo arkaa nooc ka mid ah hab-nooc ka mid ah xakamaynta haramaha geedaha dilaaca ah ee ugu habboon. iyo saamaynta goynta wanaagsan, gaar ahaan aagga weyn ee beerashada ee dalagyada transgenic-dulqaadka glyphosate, waxa ay noqotay dhirta ugu isticmaalka badan adduunka.

Marka loo eego qiimeynta PMRA, glyphosate ma laha genotoxicity waxayna u badan tahay inay keento khatarta kansarka ee bini'aadamka. Wax khatar ah oo caafimaadka aadanaha ah lagama filayo qiimeynta soo-gaadhista cuntada (cuntada iyo biyaha) ee la xidhiidha isticmaalka glyphosate; Raac tilmaamaha calaamadda, oo looma baahna in laga walwalo nooca shaqada adoo isticmaalaya glyphosate ama khatarta dadka deggan. Wax khatar ah oo deegaanka ah lama filayo marka loo isticmaalo si waafaqsan summada dib loo eegay, laakiin buufinta buufin ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo yareeyo khatarta suurtagalka ah ee lagu buufiyo noocyada aan bartilmaameedka ahayn (daaqsinka, xuubka biyaha iyo kalluunka agagaarka aagga codsiga).

Waxaa lagu qiyaasaa in isticmaalka caalamiga ah ee glyphosate uu noqon doono 600,000 ~ 750,000 t ee 2020, waxaana la filayaa in ay noqoto 740,000 ~ 920,000 t ee 2025, oo muujinaysa koror degdeg ah. Sidaa darteed glyphosate waxay ahaan doontaa dhirta ugu badan ee dhirta muddo dheer.