Mabungwe angapo apadziko lonse lapansi aneneratu za kuthekera kwa nyengo yoopsa komanso yowononga padziko lonse lapansi m'miyezi yaposachedwa.

Chaka chotentha kwambiri chomwe chilipo mu 2015-2016, pamene dziko lapansi linakumana ndi El Nino wa miyezi 21, malinga ndi lipoti lofalitsidwa ndi World Meteorological Organization mu May.

Chakumapeto kwa June, magazini ya Nature inanena kuti ngati El Nino ndi yoopsa, imatha kusuntha kutentha kwapadziko lonse kuti ijambule kapena kuyandikira kukwera kwambiri mu 2024.

Pa July 4, bungwe la World Meteorological Organization linanena kuti El Nino yoyamba yodabwitsa ku Pacific Ocean yotentha m'zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo dziko lonse lapansi lidzakhala ndi nyengo yowononga komanso nyengo ndizotsimikizika.

Mankhwala ena amawononga kutentha kwakukulu makamaka chifukwa cha mfundo ziwiri izi:

Choyamba, zimagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha mankhwala

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso osungunuka m'madzi, opha tizilombo, monga mkuwa wa sulfate, ufa wa sulfure, osakaniza a sulfure, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kwambiri, ndizosavuta kuwononga mbewu, chifukwa kukhazikika kwazinthuzo kumasintha pambuyo pa kutentha kwina, kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala.

Chachiwiri, zimagwirizana ndi kukana kwa mbewu

Kulimbana ndi mankhwala kwa zomera zachikopa monga Buxus macrophylla ndizolimba, ndipo kukana kwa mankhwala kwa zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi cuticle woonda ndizochepa, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuwononga mankhwala zikagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri.

1. Abamectin

Abamectin ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, nthata ndi nematode, ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizirombo tosiyanasiyana pamitengo. Zitha kukhala zotsatira zabwino pamene 20 ℃, koma ayenera kulabadira kutentha mkulu, makamaka 38 ℃ pamwamba pa nthawi ntchito, amene n'zosavuta chifukwa cha kuwonongeka mankhwala, chomera masamba chilema, mawanga, chodabwitsa cha kusiya kukula. .

2.Pyraclostrobin

Pyraclostrobin ndi fungicide yotakata, yokhala ndi machiritso komanso chitetezo. Padzakhala chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala ngati mugwiritsa ntchito ndende yayikulu. Zitha kuyambitsa chodabwitsa choyaka masamba.

3.Nitenpyram

Nitenpyram imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polimbana ndi tizilombo tobaya komanso zosavuta kuwononga mankhwala pa kutentha kwakukulu, kotero ziyenera kupewedwa. Ndipo ndi bwino kupopera mbewu pa kutentha kwa pansi pa 30 ° C zomwe sizingayambitse kutentha kwa masamba ndi zochitika zina.

4. Chlorfenapyr

Chlorfenapyr ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, makamaka ku tizirombo tachikulire ta lepidoptera (rapeseed, beet moth, etc.). Chlorfenapyr, kutentha koyenera pafupifupi madigiri 20-30, zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito Chlorfenapyr pa kutentha kwakukulu kungayambitse kutentha kwa masamba; Masamba anthete omwe ali pamwamba amakhalanso ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mankhwala.

5. Fluazinam

Fluazinam imatha kupewa matenda otupa mizu komanso nkhungu yotuwa, komanso imateteza tizirombo toyambitsa matenda monga citrus red spider (wamkulu, dzira), ndipo kuwongolera kumakhala bwino. Fluazinam idzawonjezera mwayi wowononga mankhwala pamene ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, chifukwa ntchito ya Fluazinam ndi yapamwamba kwambiri. Kutentha kwakukulu kwamankhwala kumatha kufulumizitsa kutuluka kwa madzi, komwe kumafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala amadzimadzi.

6.Propargite

Propargite ili mu acaricide yapoizoni yochepa, yokhudzana ndi chapamimba kawopsedwe, ndi osmotic conduction. Itha kuteteza tizilombo mopitilira 20 ℃ pomwe chipatso cha mbewu ndi chosavuta kutulutsa matenda otenthedwa ndi dzuwa pamwamba pa 25 ℃.

7. Diafenthiuron

Diafenthiuron ndi mtundu watsopano wa thiourea insecticide, acaricide, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zina zopha mazira. M'nyengo yotentha (pamwamba pa 30 ℃) ndi chinyezi chambiri, zimawononga mbande za mankhwala.

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kutentha koyenera kogwiritsira ntchito kwa omwe ali pamwambawa kumangotchulidwa kokha, komanso kutentha kwapadera kumafunikanso kugawidwa muzomera, komanso kutentha koyenera kwa zomera zina kumasiyananso.

Koma 2,4D, Glyphosate ndi Chlorpyrifos ndizothandiza kwambiri m'chilimwe.