Njira yochitira ndi kakulidwe ka glyphosate

Glyphosate ndi mtundu wa organic phosphine herbicide wokhala ndi ebroad spectrum exterminating. Glyphosate imatenga zotsatira zake potsekereza biosynthesis ya onunkhira amino acid, yomwe ndi biosynthesis ya phenylalanine, tryptophan ndi tyrosine kudzera munjira ya shikimic acid. Imakhala ndi zoletsa pa 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase), yomwe imatha kuyambitsa kutembenuka kwa shikimate-3-phosphate ndi 5-enolpyruvate phosphate kukhala 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP), kotero glyphosate imasokoneza. ndi biosynthesis ya ma enzymatic reaction, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shikimic acid iwunjikane mu vivo. Kuphatikiza apo, glyphosate imathanso kupondereza mitundu ina ya michere yazomera komanso zochita za ma enzyme anyama. Kagayidwe ka glyphosate m'zomera zapamwamba ndipang'onopang'ono ndipo adayesedwa kuti metabolite yake ndi aminomethylphosphonic acid ndi methyl amino acetic acid. Chifukwa chogwira ntchito kwambiri, kuchepa pang'onopang'ono, komanso kuopsa kwa glyphosate muzomera, glyphosate imawonedwa ngati njira yabwino yothanirana ndi udzu wosatha. ndi zotsatira zabwino zopalira, makamaka ndi gawo lalikulu la kulima mbewu zamtundu wa glyphosate zololera, zakhala zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Malinga ndi kuwunika kwa PMRA, glyphosate ilibe genotoxicity ndipo ndiyosavuta kuyambitsa chiopsezo cha khansa mwa anthu. Palibe chiwopsezo ku thanzi laumunthu chomwe chikuyembekezeka kudzera pakuwunika kwazakudya (zakudya ndi madzi) zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito glyphosate; Tsatirani malangizo a zilembo, ndipo palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa za mtundu wa ntchito yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito glyphosate kapena chiwopsezo kwa okhalamo. Palibe chiwopsezo cha chilengedwe chomwe chimayembekezeka chikagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi lebulo lokonzedwanso, koma chotchingira chopopera chikufunika kuti chichepetse chiwopsezo cha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ku mitundu yomwe si yofuna (zomera, zamoyo zam'madzi ndi nsomba zomwe zili pafupi ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito).

Akuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glyphosate padziko lonse lapansi kudzakhala 600,000 ~ 750,000 t mu 2020, ndipo akuyembekezeka kukhala 740,000 ~ 920,000 t mu 2025, kusonyeza kuwonjezeka mofulumira.