ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka glyphosate

ʻO Glyphosate kahi ʻano herbicide phosphine organik me ka ebroad spectrum exterminating. Lawe nui ʻo Glyphosate i nā hopena ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka biosynthesis o ka waika amino aromatic, ʻo ia hoʻi ka biosynthesis o phenylalanine, tryptophan a me tyrosine ma o ke ala shikimic acid. Loaʻa iā ia ka hopena inhibitory i ka 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase), hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hoʻololi ʻana ma waena o ka shikimate-3-phosphate a me ka 5-enolpyruvate phosphate i 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP), no laila ke keʻakeʻa nei ka glyphosate. me kēia biosynthesis o nā hopena enzymatic, ka hopena o ka hōʻiliʻili shikimic acid i loko o vivo. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka glyphosate ke kāohi i nā ʻano mea kanu ʻē aʻe a me ka hana enzyme holoholona. He lohi loa ka metabolism o ka glyphosate i nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ʻo kāna metabolite he aminomethylphosphonic acid a me methyl amino acetic acid. Ma muli o ka hana kiʻekiʻe o ka hana, hoʻohaʻahaʻa lohi, a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau ʻona o ka glyphosate i loko o ke kino o nā mea kanu, ua manaʻo ʻia ka glyphosate ma ke ʻano he ʻano kūpono o ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau herbicides. a me ka hopena weeding maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahiʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu transgenic glyphosate-tolerant, ua lilo ia i mea hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua.

Wahi a ka loiloi PMRA, ʻaʻohe genotoxicity o ka glyphosate a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena i ka maʻi kanesa i loko o ke kanaka. ʻAʻohe pilikia i ke olakino kanaka e manaʻo ʻia ma o ka loiloi ʻana i ka meaʻai (ʻai a me ka wai) pili i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka glyphosate; E hahai i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi, a ʻaʻohe pono e hopohopo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hana e hoʻohana ana i ka glyphosate a i ʻole ka pilikia i nā kamaʻāina. ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia ka pilikia o ke kaiapuni ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka lepili i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia, akā pono e hoʻemi i ka pilikia o ka pulupulu ʻana i nā ʻano mea ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (mea kanu, invertebrates aquatic a me nā iʻa ma kahi kokoke i ka wahi noi).

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohana honua ʻana o ka glyphosate he 600,000 ~ 750,000 t i 2020, a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo 740,000 ~ 920,000 t i 2025, e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi wikiwiki.